Everything about Sixteenth Council Of Toledo totally explained
The
Sixteenth Council of Toledo first met on
25 April 693, the second of
Egica's three councils.
In
692, the
archbishop of Toledo,
Sisebert, led a rebellion with many nobles to install one
Suniefred as king. The rebellion was put down in the latter half of that year and, at an unusual spring day, Egica called a general council of the church in Spain to deal with the future security of the kingship and the discipline of the renegades. Sixty bishops, five abbots, and six counts attended the council. The bishops of
Narbonensis couldn't attend on account of an epidemic.
The king opened the council with a speech declaring that any officials who betrayed the trust of the Gothic people would be driven from office and enslaved to the treasury, forfeiting their property to the royal coffers. The king, the council concurred, could bestow this confiscated property on anyone he wished, the church obviously not excluded. The descendants of rebels were likewise prohibited from holding any palatine office. Finally, the rebels were
anathematised on the basis of the seventy-fifth canon of the
Fourth Council.
On
2 May, the final day of the council, the bishops solemnly excommunicated Sisebert for life and defrocked him. He would be allowed communion on his deathbed only, unless the king pardoned him earlier. Without precedent, the bishops transferred the archbishop of
Seville,
Felix, to Toledo and the archbishop of
Braga,
Faustinus, to Seville. They also ordered the bishops of Narbonensis to approve the decrees of the Sixteenth Council in a local synod of their own.
The council also reformed the laws of the realm on several points. Incorporated into the
Forum Iudicum formulated by
Chindasuinth, published by
Recceswinth, and modified by
Erwig was the law that any oath rendered unto anybody other than the monarch was invalid and illegal. A few laws were revoked and some were reestablished, such as that prohibiting the mutilation of slaves.
The council reaffirmed Chindasuinth's penalty of
castration for
homosexuality, but only defrocking and exile for clerical offenders, though Egica increased that penalty to castration as well, after the council.
The council was also important in the long legal history of the Visigoths in suppressing
Judaism. Egica had apparently added to Erwig's law code tax-freedom to Jewish
conversos and transferred their former burden to the unconverted. At the Sixteenth Council, converts were allowed to trade with Christians, but not until he'd proved himself by recitation of creeds and eating of non
kosher food. Penalties were even enacted against Christians who transacted with unconverted or unproven Jews.
In regards the church, asides from dealing with the rebel Sisebert and the vacancy of his see, two important decrees were promulgated. Firstly, the bishops were ordered to maintain all church edifices in good repair and keep a priest in each
parish. Secondly, the bishops were ordered to take all offerings offered by "rustics" to
pagan gods and exterminate these continuing practice (no doubt only occurring in the remotest provincial backwaters).
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